What we are doing to identify any risks to public safety from coal tips.
Contents
Background
Coal tips are a legacy of Wales’ mining past. The Welsh Government is committed to ensuring our communities are safe.
In February 2020, the impact of climate change saw increased winter storms with extreme rainfall. This caused a landslip at a disused coal tip in Tylorstown, Rhondda Cynon Taf.
In response to the Tylorstown landslide, the Welsh and UK Governments set up a joint Coal Tip Safety Taskforce. This was set up to assess the immediate status of disused coal tips in Wales.
Programme of work
The Welsh Government and its partners are delivering a programme of work. This includes inspection and maintenance of coal tips. It also includes introducing new legislation in the Disused Mine and Quarry Tips (Wales) Bill.
Tip categories
Disused coal tips are being given interim categories. The categories reflect which tips may need more frequent inspections to assess drainage and stability.
Categorisation considers many different factors which are assessed by technical experts. Factors considered include:
- Size and geometry
- Potential hazards
- Potential receptors
- Site history
- Any associated infrastructure
- Inspection and monitoring requirements
Category D
A tip with the potential to impact public safety, to be inspected at least twice a year.
Category C
A tip with the potential to impact public safety, to be inspected at least once a year.
Category B
A tip with the unlikely potential to impact public safety.
Category A
A tip with the very unlikely potential to impact public safety.
Category R
A tip with the very unlikely potential to impact public safety. Potentially removed or levelled and often built over.
Inspections and maintenance
A lot of work has taken place since February 2020 to know the status of each tip and to carry out maintenance.
The Mining Remediation Authority has been asked to inspect category C coal tips once a year and category D twice a year. In 2024, the Mining Remediation Authority completed the inspections of all category B tips. In 2025, in addition to the regular inspections of C and D rated tips, it began a programme of inspections on all category A tips. This is expected to take around two years to complete. Inspections help to identify any maintenance works needed.
Local authorities carry out maintenance work identified by the inspections. Between 2022 and 2024, the Welsh Government made available £44.4 million in capital funding for coal tip maintenance. The Welsh Government has invested a further £34 million in 2025 to support 10 local authorities and Natural Resources Wales in carrying out essential works across 130 coal tips throughout Wales.
Technology trials
The Welsh Government is funding technology trials at suitable higher-rated coal tips. These aim to identify technologies that could contribute to the safe and effective management of disused tips.
The trials cover more than 70 sites in Wales. We will review the results of the trials as they are completed.
Coal tip data
In November 2023, the Welsh Government published maps containing the location of category C and D disused coal tips. Maps containing the location of category A, B and R tips were then published in March 2024. These maps were merged in May 2025 to create a single map showing all disused coal tips of all categories across Wales.
View the location of disused coal tips.
| Local authority | Category D | Category C | Category B | Category A | Category R | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blaenau Gwent | 6 | 15 | 38 | 61 | 9 | 129 |
| Bridgend | 6 | 39 | 36 | 102 | 6 | 189 |
| Caerphilly | 7 | 46 | 69 | 79 | 8 | 209 |
| Cardiff | 1 | 2 | 14 | 8 | 0 | 25 |
| Carmarthenshire | 0 | 1 | 58 | 58 | 53 | 170 |
| Flintshire | 0 | 0 | 19 | 40 | 6 | 65 |
| Isle of Anglesey | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 10 |
| Merthyr Tydfil | 15 | 45 | 30 | 30 | 1 | 121 |
| Monmouthshire | 2 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 27 |
| Neath Port Talbot | 13 | 29 | 163 | 385 | 30 | 620 |
| Pembrokeshire | 0 | 1 | 6 | 55 | 0 | 62 |
| Powys | 0 | 1 | 20 | 7 | 3 | 31 |
| Rhondda Cynon Taf | 29 | 56 | 109 | 91 | 48 | 333 |
| Swansea | 0 | 5 | 37 | 124 | 42 | 208 |
| Torfaen | 6 | 29 | 81 | 49 | 10 | 175 |
| Wrexham | 0 | 4 | 20 | 107 | 85 | 216 |
| Grand Total | 85 | 283 | 710 | 1211 | 301 | 2590 |
- Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Gwynedd, Newport and The Vale of Glamorgan have no recorded disused coal tips.
- Figures are subject to change as a result of ongoing inspections and assessment.
Updates to coal tip data
It is necessary to publish updated information to reflect changes noted by the Mining Remediation Authority when they inspect any disused coal tip. Updated information can include:
- disused coal tips that have been recorded for the first time
- revisions to the boundaries of some tips already recorded
- some tips that have had their category rating changed
- and some tips that were discovered to be no longer in place or were wrongly classified as disused coal tips.
Updates to the disused coal tips dataset will be published twice a year. A Spring Update will be published after the completion of the programme of inspections that take place over winter (category C and D tips) and an Autumn Update and after the completion of inspections that take place over the summer (Category D tips).
Details of the tips that have had changes identified are provided in the Update Booklet.
The table below provides a summary of the changes identified over the 2025 summer inspection period. It should be noted that the table includes changes identified from the programme of inspections of category A tips that started in spring 2025. This is the first time that most category A tips will have been inspected by the Mining Remediation Authority on behalf of the Welsh Government. As a result, it shows a higher than usual number of recorded changes in the dataset. On-site inspections can reveal new information that could mean a disused coal tips rating or boundary is revised or is not comprised of coal spoil.
| Change Type | Category D | Category C | Category B | Category A | Category R | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tip Removed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| New Tip | 0 | 2 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 20 |
| Category Change* | 0 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Boundary Revision | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Category Change and Boundary Revision | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
*Under the current regime of inspections and maintenance, disused coal tips will not have their category rating reduced. This is to ensure that all disused coal tips are monitored in accordance with the original category rating (where that original rating is higher). For example, a category C tip that is re-assessed to be category B will still be displayed as a category C and receive an annual inspection as a category C tip would.
Policy and legislative reform
Coal tip safety is devolved to Wales. The law relating to coal tips is The Mines and Quarries (Tips) Act 1969. This dates from when there was an active coal industry.
Welsh Ministers asked the Law Commission in 2020 to review current legislation on disused coal tips.
It included a consultation from June to September 2021. The Law Commission published the results of the consultation and its recommendations in March 2022.
Welsh Government published its proposals for a new regime on 11 May 2022 in the Coal Tip Safety (Wales) White Paper. The proposals build upon the Law Commission’s recommendations. The consultation closed on 4 August 2022 and we published a summary of the responses in November 2022.
Welsh Government published its interim response to the Law Commission’s review in September 2022 and its detailed response in March 2023. Welsh Government accepted, or accepted in modified form, the majority of the Law Commission’s recommendations. The response provides an overview of Welsh Government’s proposed approach, and its response to each of the individual recommendations.
In July 2025, the Senedd passed the Welsh Government’s Disused Mine and Quarry Tips (Wales) Bill. The Bill was officially sealed at a ceremony in Blaenavon’s Big Pit on 11 September 2025.
This modernised legislation will ensure the long-term effective management of disused tips and reduce the threat to public safety. The new legislation will establish a new public body – the Disused Tips Authority for Wales - that has functions in relation to the assessment, registration, monitoring and management of disused tips. The new Authority will be established in April 2027. The Authority’s responsibilities will be enshrined in law and will formalise the existing work undertaken by the Mining Remediation Authority, paving the way as part of a generational commitment to tip safety.
In the interim, the Welsh Government’s coal tip safety programme of work carries on and continues to work closely with local authorities, Natural Resources Wales and the Mining Remediation Authority to deliver an effective inspection and maintenance regime across Wales.
Privacy notice for landowners
If you have a disused coal tip on your land please view our privacy notice for landowners.
Further reading
- Oral Statement: Data on Coal Tip Locations
- Written Statement: Responses to the consultation for the Coal Tip Safety (Wales) White Paper
- Written Statement: Coal Tip Safety (Wales) White Paper
- Oral Statement: Coal Tip Safety
- New data shows true scale of coal tip challenge as First Minister makes fresh funding call (26 October 2021)
- Written Statement: Update on Coal Tip Safety (11 October 2021)
- Written Statement: Update on Coal Tip Safety (11 February 2021)
- First Minister of Wales Mark Drakeford calls coal tip safety summit (23 December 2020)
- First Minister of Wales Mark Drakeford and Secretary of State Simon Hart chair Coal Tips Summit (5 August 2020)
- Secretary of State Simon Hart and First Minister Mark Drakeford chair meeting to discuss coal tip safety (25 February 2020)