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Definition: a. the difference between the mean of a set of observations and one particular observation b. the difference between the numerical value of one particular observation and the theoretical result
Definition: The residual is the difference between actual achievement and the average or ‘expected’ achievement. A positive residual indicates that achievement exceeds the model expectation, whereas a negative residual indicates that achievement is lower than the model expected level.
Notes: Talfyriad yw “FSM” o’r geiriau Saesneg “free school meals”.
